Recent advances in neuroscience have provided sophisticated computational models of neuro-biological circuits such as the neocortex. Studying the hardware implementation of these models using current and emerging nano-scale semiconductor technologies opens up exciting new approaches to computer engineering and intelligent computing.
Vernon Mountcastle was the first to propose a modular organization of the cerebral cortex. These modules, or cortical columns are considered by most neuroscientists to be a fundamental anatomical and computational unit.
The study and development of biologically and neuro inspired hardware implementations is one potential solution to some of the challenges facing the semiconductor industry as it reaches the end of Moore's law of scaling.